The City of Las Vegas is home to 650,000 residents, with the greater Las Vegas area attracting 42 million annual visitors. The City of Las Vegas, working with technology and business solutions provider NTT, has expanded its efforts to become a smarter city and provide safe, reliable, and efficient civic technology that stimulates economic growth and offers better experiences for its residents and visitors.

City officials are seeking to improve interoperability among all public service sectors through open-source data sharing and real-time data analytics. They have deployed various tech solutions in the past two years that have already changed city safety.

The city’s smart city charter focuses on six major areas:

• Public Safety: Solutions should better inform first responders and decrease response times.
• Economic Growth: Infrastructures will promote new business models and lead to new job opportunities.
• Mobility: New connected vehicle infrastructure and data analytics will enable safer, more reliable, and energy-efficient mobility options.
• Education: Expanding collaboration with universities will support education initiatives and prepare the future workforce.
• Social Benefit: Programs for underserved communities will help establish demographic equity.
• Health Care: Connected and intelligent medical devices will encourage a broader view of well-being.

In this article, we will focus mainly on public safety initiatives and also touch on some social benefits.

Improving Safe Mobility. This pilot project was designed to decrease traffic congestion and help city officials address the problem of drivers accidentally driving the wrong way on streets. Sensors using lidar placed at various streets in Las Vegas could detect collisions, near misses, how many times cars went the wrong direction, and even resulting decreases in congestion after roadway improvements.

Edge data centers can quickly process and analyze massive amounts of data and send back near real-time alerts and suggestions for traffic control, amber alerts, and more. The connected data from all over Las Vegas streets also helps first responders react more quickly.

Through the pilot program, wrong-way driving was reduced by around 40%.

Expanding to Smart Park Initiative. Following an earlier trial at two park locations, Las Vegas has started expanding its smart park initiative to 12 more locations in a public safety effort. Deploying smart city technology in parks has allowed officials to monitor large crowds, gunshots, vandalism, breaking glass, and more.

Michael Sherwood, director of innovation and technology for the city of Las Vegas, said that understanding how many people visit parks and which facilities they use can help improve maintenance and operations, inform decisions about expansion and services, and protect residents.

Remote monitoring in the parks can improve efficiencies for public safety personnel, too. If sensors detect a visitor in the park after closing hours, automated recordings and remote systems can address the person before alerting officials.
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As Las Vegas continues to accelerate its smart city projects throughout the city, it’s learning that a connected society can directly benefit citizens and is looking ahead to how smart city technologies can extend further to stadiums, shopping malls, and manufacturing facilities.

Microsoft, IBM, Hyperledger, and other technology and financial organizations have formed an alliance to develop global standards for tokenized ecosystems. 

Microsoft’s principal architect, Marley Gray, and Enterprise Ethereum Alliance’s former executive director, Ron Resnick, recently launched the InterWork Alliance (IWA), a nonprofit organization aimed at bringing global standards to the token-based ecosystem.

At launch, the IWA included more than 28 blockchain, technology, and financial organizations from around the world, including Microsoft, Chainlink, Hyperledger, IBM, Nasdaq, Accenture, and others.

The IWA indicated that startups presently working on tokenized ecosystems are mostly focusing on their individual solutions and marketing their platforms to other businesses.

Setting global standards, it said, will help focus this wide-scale innovation to make a collective impact on businesses. Resnick, IWA’s president, stated:

“For this approach to work, standards are urgently needed around defining what a token is and how its contractual behaviors will work.”

Common Frameworks. InterWork Alliance plans to work on three different frameworks of global standards for tokenized ecosystems. First, the Token Taxonomy Framework will provide a common language and toolset so that multiple parties can agree on the same terms that define a token and its use. 

The InterWork Framework will help businesses compose multiparty contracts from standard, globally recognized clauses set by the IWA. Lastly, the Analytics Framework will help companies to analyze multiparty deals and utilize artificial intelligence services and market-driven data reporting.

With these, the IWA will eventually work on interoperability between decentralized applications from different blockchain networks. 

Standardization for Wider Adoption. Organizations involved with the IWA are highly optimistic about how bringing global standards to the token ecosystem will further the adoption of distributed business models.

Gray noted that providing indstry participants with token standards for a variety of distributed technology use cases can help foster interoperability and drive widespread adoption. 

Brian Behlendorf, the executive director of Hyperledger (an IWA member), said:

“Standards play a critical role in the evolution and adoption of any emerging technology. Distributed applications and token-based services will require established frameworks that assure solutions interwork on the business level, regardless of underlying technology platforms.”
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“The Alliance will help establish a foundation not only for technology and business but for the changing tokenization landscape as well. A platform-neutral alliance is critical for the entire industry,” said Nitin Gaur, the director of IBM WW Digital Asset Labs.

Heraclitus, the Greek philosopher of Ephesus, is credited with the quote, “The only constant in life is change.” It comes as no surprise that technology is gradually taking over all aspects of our day to day life. 
The rise of cutting-edge technology, including cloud-based computing, big data analysis, wearables, machine learnings, Internet of Things, AR/VR, and drones has been exhibiting nothing but change. Moreover, the rise of 5G technology is establishing even further growth prospects.
So, looking at the coming decade, these top 5 technologies are set to have the most significant impact and change: 

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)
• Big Data
• Internet of Things (IoT).

 
Artificial intelligence (AI)remains a hot spot, with its ever-increasing impact on numerous industries all over the world. AI is the most substantial and significant driving technology factor with its speedy execution in sectors like banking, retail, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, and defense. AI applications allow machines to learn from experience and work like humans by simulating human performance.
Whether it’s Apple’s self-driving car, Amazon’s Alexa and Echo, or Google’s Lens, the application of artificial intelligence holds the most vital prospect.
AI can impact the world economy on numerous grounds, like aiding or replacing human labor to finish the assigned work more rapidly. Consequently, it expands production, speeds up the processing of data flows, increases production and service development, thereby generating more wealth worldwide.
According to several media reports, 80% of emerging technologies will implement AI technology by 2021.
The important spheres where AI is used: 
•      Knowledge Reasoning
•      Machine Learning
•      Robotics
•      Natural Language Processing.
•      Planning 
 
Blockchainis significantly speedier and more reliable than the legacy technologies in completing a transaction and recording it securely. This is primarily due to the lack of manual processing or verification by mediators as it applies a distributed consensus.
Additionally, blockchain technology is expected to be honest and intended to deliver unaffected information. Thus, the probability of financial deficits is low, with the slightest possibilities of double counting and hacking.
Overall, the cohesive use of the technology can enable countries to attain better economic growth with streamlined day-to-day systems. Bitcoin is one of the best examples of blockchain technology use.
The important spheres where blockchain is used: 
•      Encrypted Messaging
•      Decentralized Internet
•      Distributed Cloud Storage
•      Networking Sites
•      Stock Exchange
•      Real Estate
 
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)is seeing significant new implementations due to the shift in consumer desires and business demands. With hardware possibilities and digital capabilities becoming more easily accessible and inexpensive to the ordinary person, AR/VR technologies have evolved extraordinarily well in the last few years.

Almost every major sector, including healthcare, retail, pharma, gaming, entertainment, automobiles, and construction, are utilizing the technology to interrelate between the actual world and 3D virtual objects in real-time.

The important spheres where AR/VR is used: 

• Design & Modelling
• Business Logistics
• Field Service
• Entertainment Properties
• Retail
• Medical Training

 
Big Data is turning out to be an essential component for businesses to remain aggressive and competitive in most industries. Companies are utilizing this technology to identify and calculate consumption models or enhance operational effectiveness.

Investments in big data analytics software, hardware, and services are anticipated to increase in the new decade, due to the enormous amount of structured and unstructured data generated universally. This pervasive implementation of big data analytics is a significant tailwind driving the big data market on a global basis.

Big Data technology aids in controlling vast amounts of structured and unstructured information, thereby making it more straightforward for companies to make better business decisions. Moreover, big data analytics acts as a booster for marketing strategies, thereby improving customer relationships.

Additionally, with rising cyber-threats and cyber-crimes, big data is the best answer to fight fraud in online deals.

The important spheres where big data is used: 

• Location Tracking
• Precision Medicine
• Fraud Detection & Handling
• Advertising
• Entertainment & Media.

 
Internet of Things (IoT)unites manufacturing, medical devices, vehicles, and a range of consumer and everyday products, which allows enhanced monitoring, analytics, and more.

IoT, in simple terms, implies connecting devices over the network or internet for the intent of interaction. In IoT, devices gather and distribute data that is accumulated in the cloud, thereby helping in faster analyzing information, gaining more accurate insights.

According to media reports, by 2025, the total installed base of IoT connected devices is expected to be around 75.44 billion globally. This represents a 500% increase over the last decade.
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The important spheres where IoT is used: 

• Connected Devices
• Smart Homes
• Wearables
• Smart Cities.

Cryptocurrency investors in the United States are receiving letters from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which are proposing backdated tax payments relating to the trade of virtual assets. 

As reported by Bloomberg, some traders are receiving notices asking for input on revised tax returns, based on estimates of profit generated by cryptocurrency-related activities.

The CP2000 notices have been sent in recent weeks, and while they do acknowledge mistakes in past tax returns might be due to cryptocurrency platforms and exchanges rather than individuals, they do signal a clampdown by the IRS on the burgeoning industry. 

In July, the IRS also sent warnings to investors to make them aware that tax may be owed on their trading activities. Some investors received demands for the disclosure of cryptocurrency trades between 2013 and 2017. 

An IRS spokesperson said that the latest batch of warning notices are sent to taxpayers when discrepancies between tax returns and information obtained from third parties are flagged. 

Aletter shared with CoinDesk estimates that an investor owes close to $4,000 in taxes and interest for potentially misreported cryptocurrency profits during the 2017 fiscal year. 

"We received information from third parties such as employers or financial institutions that doesn't match the information you reported on your tax return," the letter reads. 

Recipients can accept the changes and make any further payments required, or they can challenge the IRS' decision if they have supporting evidence. 

According to the IRS website, CP2000 receivers should respond within 30 days even if only to say they need more time. The notices are not straight bills or demands, but what the IRS calls "a proposal [that] informs you about the information we have received, and how it affects your tax."

The IRS won a landmark case against Coinbase in 2017 which forced the cryptocurrency exchange to hand over the records of 14,000 customers that purchased, sold, or obtained over $20,000 in cryptocurrency between 2013 and 2015.

Frost & Sullivan's Information & Communications Technology (ICT) team conducted a small-scale survey, Global Next Wave Technology Disruptors, 2018, of 112 thought leaders from around the world to seek opinions on the technologies that will have a profound transformative impact on existing industry dynamics, value chains, and business models across multiple vertical markets in the next 10 years.

In addition to providing quantitative insight, the study also provides a top-level assessment of eight emerging technologies: 5G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain and Distributed Ledger, Human Brain-Computer Interface, Human Intelligence Augmentation, Internet of Things (IoT), Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) and Quantum Computing.

"Numerous technologies with limited adoption/availability at present will rise in relevance over the next ten years. 5G will play an important role over the next five years as commercial deployments commence, while Quantum Computing is set to have a huge impact in the coming decade," said Adrian Drozd, Research Director, ICT. "However, thinking of these emerging technologies in isolation will limit their effectiveness. For instance, IoT cannot reach its potential without AI, and AI can be powerful only by accessing the data generated by IoT."

"Technologies will reach maturity at different times; while some are already widely used, others are still in the development phase," noted Drozd. "Technology development should be guided by the use cases and real-life deployments that the solutions promise to enable."

New technologies are emerging at an unprecedented rate, each promising to be the next transformative force that will drive fundamental shifts across industries and society. Companies looking to tap growth opportunities in their respective sectors should consider joining Frost & Sullivan's global IoT & Digital Transformation Growth Partnership Service program.

SAP has launched a blockchain-based supply chain tracking system to allow drug wholesalers to authenticate pharmaceutical packaging returned by pharmacies and hospitals. That should help them weed out counterfeit drugs from their supply chain.

SAP says it hopes to eventually expand the use of distributed ledger technology to cover a broader range of pharmaceutical supply chain processes.

According to the company, its blockchain-based solution helps customers comply with the US Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), which establishes that as of November 2019, wholesalers must verify prescription drugs that are returned and intended for resale. This piece of legislation is tasked with protecting consumers from contaminated, stolen or fake medication.

Counterfeit drugs are a significant problem in the pharmaceutical industry. Research releasedby the World Health Organization in 2017 found that an estimated 1 in 10 medical products circulating in low-and-middle-income countries was either substandard or fake.

In the US, wholesalers encounter almost 60 million returns a year, accounting for an estimated $7 billion.
With the new software, customers can verify the product code, lot, expiration date and a unique serial number which is embedded in the barcode against manufacturers’ data stored in the blockchain.

It’s worth noting that the software was co-developed with other well-known pharmaceutical companies including Boehringer Ingelheim AG & Co. KG, GlaxoSmithKline plc and Merck Sharp & Dohme.

The news comes after SAP announced two industry consortia within the SAP Blockchain Consortium program in the fall of last year, but this is not the first time blockchain technology has been leveraged in a bid to fight counterfeit goods in the healthcare industry. In fact, Merck was looking to patentblockchain-based technology to bring greater transparency to the supply chain in June 2018.
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An immutable ledger such as blockchain would prove useful in the healthcare industry, so, it’s likely we’ll see similar projects launching soon.

While blockchain adoption remains slow, industries including finance, manufacturing, and healthcare are exploring the developing technology's potential to create business advantages like reduced operational costs, faster transaction speeds, and more secure records.

An estimated 1,520 blockchain startup companies are now looking for workers, along with a number of corporations like IBM and Microsoft. As the market continues to grow, more lucrative career options will open up for those who are skilled in the various blockchain technologies.

Here are six of the best blockchain jobs on the horizon, according to the report.

1. Blockchain Project Manager.Companies are interested in developing blockchain solutions and will need to communicate their needs to a blockchain development firm. Project managers will be required to manage and facilitate these projects, especially as companies take on more clients. The project manager will be responsible for translating the company's needs into technical language, and the blockchain developers' needs into plain English. They are also tasked with planning and supervising the execution of the blockchain project.

2. Blockchain Developer.Blockchain developers may have the strongest career opportunities in the industry right now. Before companies can use blockchain to improve efficiency and speed, developers will need to create the necessary platforms and programs. Required skills for blockchain developers include Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Studio, .NET, MVC, AJAX, SQL, C, C++, C#, Javascript, Node.js, JQuery, SOAP, REST, FTP, HTML, XML, XSLT, XCOD, Neural-networks, Regression, Agile Scrum, and MYSQL.

3. Blockchain Quality Engineer.A blockchain quality engineer is responsible for all areas of quality in the development environment, including automation frameworks and tests, manual testing, and dashboards. This professional is typically responsible for planning and delivery of complex blockchain projects, as well as developing, applying, and maintaining QA automated test standards.

4. Blockchain Legal Consultant/Attorney. Many attorneys working in tech have reported getting more calls from potential clients seeking advice about how to structure and govern cyber currency Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) as well as on the issues they may face as they launch blockchain and fintech projects. The need for legal professionals to guide these projects will only grow as the technology matures.

5. Blockchain Designer. Companies will need designers to create websites that inform customers what they offer in the blockchain space. For example, a recent job posting for a user interface (UI) designer wanted a professional who could create a UI design with Sketch, PS, and Figma that would work in both mobile and web applications. These professionals should also have excellent communications skills, and be able to work with content, operations, and marketing teams.
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6. Blockchain Engineer.This year, there were 14 open jobs for every one blockchain developer or engineer. These professionals are responsible for creating and implementing digital solutions for companies using the blockchain. Engineers must study the blockchain tech needs of their company and create the applications to meet those needs. They should be skilled in Java, Hyperledger Fabric, Ripple, Solidity, Python, Bitcoin, Oracle Identity, and access management solutions.

Put your augmented reality goggles on and dial up 2040. Here’s one possible view of where the world will move in the next 22 years.

You've just got an autonomous electric taxi from the gym to work, picked up a coffee and—in the lift to your office—watched a short advertisement on the heads-up display projected by your wearable digital assistant, clipped to your collar.

In a matter of minutes, four transactions have taken place. And you haven’t put your hand in your pocket to get out a wallet once. Notes and coins have long since disappeared, and nobody even uses their phone to pay for things anymore. In fact, no-one thinks about money in 2040—it just happens. (Well, technically you were recognized by an iris scan for each transaction, but pointing that out destroys the magic of it.)

Back up a minute. You might have noticed there were four transactions in those few minutes, but only two purchases: the taxi and coffee. That’s because you also received two micropayments this morning—small amounts of money you were given in exchange for a service. The first was while you were at the gym. When you joined the club, you agreed to share your cardiovascular data with a medical-research company in return for micropayments every time you work out. You also received a micropayment when you watched the advertisement about that trip to Venice suggested by your digital assistant.

In 2040, the value of your data no longer flows to search providers or social networks. Instead, it all goes to you, allowing you to sell it to offset small costs throughout the day. The monetization of every aspect of our daily lives also creates a role for charity and altruism: You have the option to donate part of your regular micropayment income stream to your favorite charity in return for tax credits.

At lunchtime, you meet up with an old friend who now works overseas. After your meal, you both ask your digital assistants to split the bill and add a tip. You get up, pass your thanks on to the chef (yes, chefs are still human in 2040) and walk straight out; there’s no need to ask for the check. Fortunately, your visiting friend doesn’t have to worry about currency exchange costs, even though they’re not in their home country. Like you, they use a handful of digital currencies that are acceptable the world over and have minimal conversion costs.

The cryptocurrencies that emerged in the 2010s were not destined to last. But the blockchain tech that underpinned them evolved to create a new generation of super safe and completely transparent forms of money. Indeed, technology arrived just in time to fill the vacuum created by the collapse of trust in traditional institutions, which had historically acted as guarantors of currency stability.

After a hard day at work, your digital assistant knows you might not be in the mood to review your finances on the way home. But your assistant knows how to make the experience personal—and quick. “If you switch your regular savings to another provider, you’ll be able to reach your holiday saving target quicker and improve your credit rating; do want me to action that? And, by the way, your utility provider contract expires next month; would you like me to switch you to the lowest-cost renewable provider in line with your preferences?” Five minutes later, the autonomous cab reaches your apartment—and your finances are under control.
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Will all this be possible? Of course, no one knows. But micropayments, iris scans, and digital assistants are already a reality. Furthermore, the furor over the use of personal data by social networks could lead to people being rewarded for the use of their information. Our expectations as consumers are soaring as our lifestyles change and the pace of innovation accelerates. Increasingly, we want to live in a cashless mobile-only society—and technology will, therefore, find a way to make that happen.

It's quickly becoming apparent that blockchain technology is about far more than just Bitcoin. Across finance, healthcare, media, and other sectors, innovative uses are appearing every day.

Here are some examples of blockchain in use today. While some may fail to live up to their promises, others could go on to become household names if blockchain proves itself to be as revolutionary as many are predicting.

Cybersecurity. Guardtime – This company is creating “keyless” signature systems using blockchain which is currently used to secure the health records of one million Estonian citizens.
REMME is a decentralized authentication system which aims to replace logins and passwords with SSL certificates stored on a blockchain.

Healthcare. Gem – This startup is working with the Center for Disease Control to put disease outbreak data onto a blockchain which it says will increase the effectiveness of disaster relief and response.

SimplyVital Health – Has two health-related blockchain products in development, ConnectingCare which tracks the progress of patients after they leave the hospital, and Health Nexus, which aims to provide decentralized blockchain patient records.

MedRec – An MIT project involving blockchain electronic medical records designed to manage authentication, confidentiality and data sharing.

Financial Services. ABRA – A cryptocurrency wallet which uses the Bitcoin blockchain to hold and track balances stored in different currencies.

Barclays – Barclays has launched several blockchain initiatives involving tracking financial transactions, compliance and combating fraud. It states that “Our belief ...is that blockchain is a fundamental part of the new operating system for the planet.”

Maersk – The shipping and transport consortium has unveiled plans for a blockchain solution for streamlining marine insurance.

Aeternity – Allows the creation of smart contracts which become active when network consensus agrees that conditions have been met – allowing for automated payments to be made when parties agree that conditions have been met.

Manufacturing and Industrial. Provenance – This project aims to provide a blockchain-based provenance record of transparency within supply chains.

Hijro, previously known as Fluent, aims to create a blockchain framework for collaborating on prototyping and proof-of-concept.

SKUChain – Another blockchain system for allowing tracking and tracing of goods as they pass through a supply chain.

Blockverify -  A blockchain platform which focuses on anti-counterfeit measures, with initial use cases in the diamond, pharmaceuticals and luxury goods markets.

Transactivgrid – A business-led community project based in Brooklyn allowing members to locally produce and cell energy, with the goal of reducing costs involved in energy distribution.

Charity. Bitgive – This service aims to provide greater transparency to charity donations and clearer links between giving and project outcomes. It is working with established charities including Save The Children, The Water Project and Medic Mobile.

Retail. OpenBazaar is an attempt to build a decentralized market where goods and services can be traded with no middle-man.

Blockpoint.io – Allows retailers to build payment systems around blockchain currencies such as Bitcoin, as well as blockchain derived gift cards and loyalty schemes.
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Media. Ujomusic – Founded by singer-songwriter Imogen Heap to record and track royalties for musicians, as well as allowing them to create a record of ownership of their work.
It is exciting to see all these developments. Not all of these will make it into successful long-term ventures but if they indicate one thing, it’s that blockchain is presenting a vast potential to many industries.