Sirius XM’s recent all-stock $3.5-billion purchase of the music-streaming service Pandoraraised a lot of eyebrows. A big question was why Sirius paid so much. Is Pandora’s music library and customer base worth that amount? The answer is that this was a strategic move by Sirius in a battle that is far bigger than radio. The real fight, which will become much more visible in the coming years, is over the driving experience.

People spend a lot of time commuting in their cars. That time is fixed and won’t likely change. However, what is changing is the way we drive. We’re already seeing many new vehicles with driver-assist features, and automakers (and tech companies) are working hard to bring fully autonomous cars to the market as quickly as possible. New vehicles today already contain an average of 100 million lines of code that can be updated to increase driver-assist options, and some automakers like Tesla already offer an “autonomous” mode on highways.

Even conservative estimates predict that we are likely to see significant changes in autonomous driving in the next ten years.

These changes will impact the driving experience. As cars become more autonomous, we can do more than just listen to music or podcasts. We may be able to watch videos, surf the web and more. The value of car real estate is already valuable, but it’s going to skyrocket as we change the way people consume media while driving. 

The Pandora acquisition was a strategic move by Sirius to gain the necessary assets so that it won’t fall behind in this space – and to get into the fast-growing music-streaming business, where users consume music at home, work and play. While Pandora’s music library is arguably second-tier, it’s also good enough that it can provide pretty much every artist most people want. This is often how high-priced mergers happen – one party is concerned about falling behind and pays a premium to purchase the other company’s assets. It’s also a bet by Sirius about the driving experience of the future.

For now, Sirius probably doesn’t need to worry about competition from startups. They won’t be able to grow big enough, fast enough to get a sizable share of the market. A more likely scenario is that startups will work on software that offers unique functionality, making it an attractive acquisition target by a larger company.
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This is going to be an interesting battle to watch in the coming years, as cars essentially become software with four wheels attached. Companies like Sirius know this is a valuable space and that the battle over the driving experience will be won in software. The acquisition of Pandora is only the beginning.

Some people are entirely unaware of just how filthy their smartphones are. Other people know full well that smartphones are a hotbed for bacteria, but they still don’t bother to do anything about it. The PhoneSoap 3 UV Cell Phone Sanitizeris a device that was initially funded on Shark Tank that should be an essential accessory for every smartphone owner. It’s a box that blasts your phone with UV light, killing 99.99% of bacteria on both sides and the edges of your phone. Please, do yourself a favor and get one, they are $60 on Amazon.

Here’s more info from the product page:

•  AS SEEN ON SHARK TANK AND DISCOVERY CHANNEL.PhoneSoap’s revolutionary bacteria-zapping technology was featured on ABC’s Shark Tank and tested and proven on the Discovery Channel.

•. KILLS 99.99% OF BACTERIA WITH UV LIGHT.Our patented design is the only device that can thoroughly sanitize your entire phone. Sitting on a UV transparent plate and surrounded by scientifically proven germicidal UVC light and a reflective interior, PhoneSoap kills99.99% of all bacteria on your phone.

•  STAY HEALTHY.Our phones gather all the bacteria we touch throughout the day where they breed and grow. Our phones are Petri dishes in our pockets! Stay healthy by keeping your devices clean with PhoneSoap.

•  FITS AND CHARGES ANY PHONE. PhoneSoap 3 fits all phones, including the larger phones such as the iPhone 8 Plus. It also has two charging ports on the back of the device, a USB and USB-C. You already charge your phone every night. Now you can charge and sanitize at the same time. With PhoneSoap 3 you can charge a second device, such as a smartwatch, at the same time.

•  CLEAN WHATEVER FITS.While we have built PhoneSoap 3 around sanitizing phones, you can sanitize whatever fits inside. From pacifiers, smart watches and headphones to credit cards and keys.

Artificial intelligence has the potential to bring a select set of advanced techniques to the table when it comes to cyber offense, researchers say.

Last week, researchers from Darktracesaid that the current threat landscape is full of everything from opportunistic attacks from teen hackers to advanced, state-sponsored assaults, and in the latter sense, attacks continue to evolve.

However, for each sophisticated attack currently in use, there is the potential for further development through the future use of AI.

Within the report, the cybersecurity firm documented three active threats in the wild which have been detected within the past 12 months. Analysis of these attacks – and a little imagination – has led the team to create scenarios using AI which could one day become reality.

"We expect AI-driven malware to start mimicking behavior that is usually attributed to human operators by leveraging contextualization," said Max Heinemeyer, Director of Threat Hunting at Darktrace. "But we also anticipate the opposite; advanced human attacker groups utilizing AI-driven implants to improve their attacks and enable them to scale better."

Trickbot. The first attack relates to an employee at a law firm who fell victim to a phishing campaign leading to a Trickbot infection.

Trickbot is a financial Trojan which uses the Windows vulnerability EternalBluein order to target banks and other institutions. The malware continues to evolve and is currently equipped with injectors, obfuscation, data-stealing modules, and locking mechanisms.

In this example, Trickbot was able to infect a further 20 devices on the network, leading to a costly clean-up process. Empire Powershell modules were also uncovered which are typically used in remote, keyboard-based infiltration post-infection.

AI's Future Role.Darktrace believes that in the future, malware bolstered through artificial intelligence will be able to self-propagate and use every vulnerability on offer to compromise a network.

"Imagine a worm-style attack, like WannaCry, which, instead of relying on one form of lateral movement (e.g., the EternalBlue exploit), could understand the target environment and choose lateral movement techniques accordingly," the company says.

If chosen vulnerabilities are patched, for example, the malware could then switch to brute-force attacks, keylogging, and other techniques which have proven to be successful in the past in similar target environments.

As the AI could sit, learn, and 'decide' on an attack technique, no traditional command-and-control (C2) servers would be necessary.

AI's Future Role.It is possible that AI could be used to further adapt to its environment. In the same manner, as before, contextualization can be used to blend in, but AI could also be used to mimic trusted system elements, improving stealth.

"Instead of guessing during which times normal business operations are conducted, it will learn it," the report suggests. "Rather than guessing if an environment is using mostly Windows machines or Linux machines, or if Twitter or Instagram would be a better channel, it will be able to gain an understanding of what communication is dominant in the target's network and blend in with it."

Take It Slow. In the final example, Darktrace uncovered malware from a medical technology company. What made the findings special was that data was being stolen at such a slow pace and in tiny packages that it avoided triggering data volume thresholds in security tools.

Multiple connections were made to an external IP address, but each connection contained less than 1MB. Despite the small packets, it did not take long before over 15GB of information was stolen.

By fading into the background of daily network activity, the attackers behind the data breach were able to steal patient names, addresses, and medical histories.

AI's Future Role. AI could not only provide a conduit for incredibly fast attacks but also "low and slow" assaults. It can also be used as a tool to learn what data transfer rates would flag suspicion to security solutions.

Instead of relying on a hard-coded threshold, for example, AI-driven malware would be able to dynamically adapt data theft rates and times to exfiltrate information without detection.
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"Defensive cyber AI is the only chance to prepare for the next paradigm shift in the threat landscape when AI-driven malware becomes a reality," the company added. "Once the genie is out of the bottle, it cannot be put back in again."

British scientists have developed a self-contained and tamper-proof "quantum compass" that doesn't rely on GPS signals to provide a highly accurate measure of where it is in the world.

The compass is a quantum accelerometer that is capable of measuring tiny shifts in supercooled atoms and so calculate how far and how fast the device has moved. Having a device like the quantum compass aboard a ship, the captain knows exactly where his ship is without having to rely on orbiting satellites.

The system has been designed by quantum physicistsat Imperial College, London – who developed a laser system for cooling atoms down and at photonics and quantum technology specialist firm M Squared– which developed another laser system to act as an “optical ruler.” Their work has been funded by the UK's Ministry of Defense.

Although GPS satellites are a modern marvel and are used by just about everyone to identify their precise location, the fact is the system is not perfect.

A phone's GPS is accurate to roughly 15 feet, although military GPS devices can be accurate to centimeters. Then there is the fact that tall buildings will often throw a signal off and signals can be impaired by any large, dense object.

But that's not why the Ministry of Defense is interested in a quantum compass: its concern is that the GPS system is vulnerable to attack or deliberate disruption. A GPS signal could be spoofed or blocked for instance. When you're thinking about nuclear submarines, it's usually best to consider the worst.

“Pirates are now sophisticated enough to cause disruptions to ships’ GPS systems and lure them to rocks or take over and board them,” said Graeme Malcolm, the CEO of M Squared.

“They can be an even bigger issue in areas of defense and security, where the resilience and security of cities and countries are impacted. This new device is an absolute reference that goes down to the atomic level.”

Accuracy. This is not the first time that accelerometers have been used for navigation, but the reality is that such systems are not sufficiently accurate, meaning that as time goes on the system becomes increasingly out of whack and requires recalibration.

Not so with the quantum compass, according to its makers. Lasers are used to supercool atoms, and then another laser is used to act as "optical ruler" measuring how far those atoms have moved. At extremely low temperatures, atoms behave in a ‘quantum’ way, acting like both matter and waves.

Here's how Dr. Joseph Cotter, from the Centre for Cold Matter at Imperial College, explained it: "When the atoms are ultra-cold, we have to use quantum mechanics to describe how they move, and this allows us to make what we call an atom interferometer."

As the atoms move, their wave properties are affected by the acceleration of the vehicle. The optical ruler can measure these minute changes very accurately and then with a few relatively simple equations it is possible to figure out exactly where you are.

Size. But this is not something you're going to find in your smartphone: the prototype system is about three-feet wide and high, and it is incredibly expensive.
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Plus, it can currently only measure in one plane. The scientists say they will soon be able to take measurements in three planes – making it an entirely independent super compass that can tell you where exactly it is at any point.

If you haven’t heard, universities around the world are offering their courses online for free (or at least partially free). These courses are collectively called MOOCs or Massive Open Online Courses.

In the past six years or so, over 800 universitieshave created more than 10,000 of these MOOCs. The people at Class Centralhave been keeping track of these MOOCs ever since they rose to prominence.

In the past four months alone, 190 universities have announced 600 such free online courses. Class Central has compiled a list of them and categorized them according to the following subjects: Computer Science, Mathematics, Programming, Data Science, Humanities, Social Sciences, Education & Teaching, Health & Medicine, Business, Personal Development, Engineering, Art & Design, and finally Science.

If you have trouble figuring out how to signup for Coursera courses for free, don’t worry — here’s an article on how to do that,too.
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Many of these are completely self-paced, so you can start taking them at your convenience. Here is the list of courses.

Every election season, Uber and Lyft jockey for the position of the most civic-minded ride-hailing company by offering various promotions, like free and discounted rides to polling places. This year, both companies are trying something new. On November 6th, Uber will add a new button in its app that will help people find and book rides to their polling place. It’s an extra step that Uber says it hopes will help get out the vote. Lyft also promises something similar. 

Uber. The poll locator will be available to anyone who lives in the US, but it’s targeted at suburban or exurban voters who tend to live outside of walking distance of their polling location. There are a variety of websites where voters can go to find their polling information but pairing that with a transportation service could help bridge the gap between the intention to vote and going to the polls. 

Lyft. The San Francisco-based ride service is also aiming to help its customers find their polling location. The company said in a recent announcement that it would release a “product integration to help passengers find their polling location.” It didn’t, however, specify what that integration would look like.

Surveys indicate that voter enthusiasm is at an all-time high this year, but if history is any indicator, most eligible voters will stay home. Slightly more than one-third of eligible voters turned out across the country in the last midterm elections.

Uber is hoping it can make a small contribution to turnout. “Using our technology and resources, we can help make it easier for every Uber rider in the US to get to their polling place at the push of a button,” Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi said in a blog post.

The ride-hail company will also partner with two GOTV organizations, #VoteTogether and Democracy Works, to provide free rides to voters in specific communities. Uber will also help register riders and drivers to vote by sharing voter registration information through the app. An email went out to all Uber drivers this week encouraging them to visit one of Uber’s 125 Greenlight Hubs where they can register to vote. 
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In August, Lyft saidit planned to give away 50 percent off promo codes with GOTV partners to encourage voter turnout. Neither Uber nor Lyft would say how many free and discounted rides they plan on distributing.

Ever since the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) boom in the early 2010s, there’s been a corresponding drought in talented AI developers and researchers. The way to fix this is to educate more of them, and last week, MIT announced a $1 billion initiativeto do exactly that: it will establish a new college of computing to train the next generation of machine learning mavens. 

Importantly, the college isn’t just about training AI skills. Instead, it will focus on what MIT president L. Rafael Reif calls “the bilinguals of the future.” By that, he means students in fields like biology, chemistry, physics, politics, history, and linguistics who also know how to apply machine learning to these disciplines.

Two-thirds of the planned $1 billion commitment has been raised so far, with $350 million coming from Stephen A. Schwarzman, CEO of the private equity firm Blackstone. The new college will be named after Schwarzman, and it will include 50 new faculty positions, half of which will focus solely on computer science, while the rest are jointly appointed by the college and other MIT departments. The college is scheduled to open in September 2019, and its new building is planned to be completed in 2022. 

MIT is also angling the college as an ethically minded enterprise; one of its stated aims is to research “ethical considerations relevant to computing and AI.” It’s a frequent criticism of contemporary AI efforts that researchers sometimes ignore the history and lessons of the fields they are trying to “disrupt.” More collaboration should help. 
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“As computing reshapes our world, MIT intends to help make sure it does so for the good of all,” said Reif in a press statement. “The MIT Schwarzman College of Computing will constitute both a global center for computing research and education and an intellectual foundry for powerful new AI tools. Just as important, the College will equip students and researchers in any discipline to use computing and AI to advance their disciplines and vice-versa, as well as to think critically about the human impact of their work.”

A new method of analyzing images from CT scans can predict which patients are at risk of a heart attack years before it occurs, researchers say.

The technology, developed by teams at Oxford University and institutions in Germany and the United States, uses algorithms to examine the fat surrounding coronary arteries as it shows up on computed tomography (CT) heart scans.

The new heart attack warning system, called the Fat Attenuation Index (FAI), was tested in a large study published by The Lancet medical journal.

The study monitored the progress of 3,900 heart patients from Germany and the US for ten years after they had undergone a coronary CT scan or angiogram.

FAI predicted fatal heart attacks many years before they happened.

Fat gets altered when an artery becomes inflamed, serving as an early warning system for what one of the researchers believes could be up 30% of heart attacks.

“If you can identify inflammation in the arteries of the heart then you can say which arteries will cause heart attacks,” Oxford Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charalambos Antoniades, said.

“With the new technology, we can achieve this by analyzing simple CT scans.”

Most heart attacks are caused by a build-up of plaque – a fatty deposit – inside the artery, which interrupts the flow of blood.

Currently, CT scans tell a doctor when an artery has already become narrowed by plaque.

With the new technology, for which the researchers hope to gain regulatory approval on both sides of the Atlantic within a year, doctors will be able to say which arteries are at risk of narrowing. 

“(We) can say your arteries are inflamed, and a narrowing will be developed five years down the line. So maybe you can start preventive measures to avoid this formation of the plaques,” Antoniades said.

Heart disease and stroke are the two most significant causes of death worldwide.

“Although we have not estimated the exact number of heart attacks that we can prevent, we could potentially identify at least 20% or 30% of the people before they have (one),” Antoniades said.
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An Oxford University spin-off company is now developing a service to analyze CT scans from across the globe in around 24 hours.

Many of us spent our college years sitting in countless lectures accompanied by uninspiring PowerPoint presentations. The notes we took were equally uninspiring and weren’t remembered.

It’s a problem that doesn’t just affect students. Have you ever caught yourself re-reading the same article twice? To make text easier to remember, Melbourne-based designers partnered with behavioral scientists at RMIT University and have designed a font that makes reading more difficult.

Ironically named “Sans Forgetica,” the font is more difficult to read than most typefaces – and that’s by design. The ‘desirable difficulty’ you experience when reading information formatted in Sans Forgetica prompts your brain to engage in deeper processing.

To make your brain work harder to retain information, the font is legible yet broken and disconnected. Since chunks of words are removed, the brain is required to put more effort into reading, which only takes a fraction of a second – but this font seems to be working.

A recent study involving 400 university students found a small increase in memory retention when reading text in Sans Forgetica compared to Arial. The participants reading Sans Forgetica were found to remember 57% of the text, and only 50% when reading in Arial.

Although the font has promising statistics, it has limitations according to lecturer and Sans Forgetica co-creator, Stephen Banham. “You wouldn’t want novels printed in it. It would probably induce a headache,” Banham said.
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It’s unlikely you’ll want to use it as part of your every-day reading, Sans Forgetica could be a handy type-tool for stressed-out students. You can download this free font here.

Google frequently touts that the “next billion users” will come from developing nations with different focuses and needs. To that end, the company has developed several optimized services, with one being a consistent and straightforward addressing system that works globally.

Google created “Plus Codes”for addresses that are not easily located through conventional descriptors. First introduced in February 2018, Plus Codes allow users to locate almost any spot on the planet. What many people in traditional civilizations fail to realize is that, according to a World Bank estimate, half of the world’s urban population lives on unnamed streets.

Notably, this open source solution composed of 10 characters works globally and can be incorporated by other products and platforms for free, with a developer page available here.

It works offline and in print when overlaid as a grid on existing maps. Places that are close together share similar plus codes, while the system is identifiable by the “+” symbol in every address.

This system is based on dividing the geographical surface of the Earth into tiny ‘tiled areas,’ attributing a unique code to each of them. This code comprises a ‘6-character + City’ format that can be generated, shared and searched by anyone – all that’s needed is Google Maps on a smartphone.

                   •   The first four characters are the area code, describing a region
                        of about 100 x 100 kilometers.

                   •  The last six characters are the local code, describing the neighborhood
                       and the building, an area of approximately 14 x 14 meters – about the
                       size of one half of a basketball court.

The area code is not needed when navigating within a town, while another optional character can be appended to provide additional accuracy down to a 3 x 3-meter region. Plus codes for any location can be found with this tool.